Components of the balance sheet

The balance sheet can be further broken down to its various components. Reminds me of chemistry when a molecule can be broken down into atoms, and one atom can be broken down into electron, neutron, protron and recently they discovered even these can be broken down into G-strings or something.

So, in the balance sheet, assets can also be broken down into current assets and non-current assets. Liabilities can be broken down into current liabilities and non-current liabilities. These sub-levels will consist of individual components that makes up the basic building blocks (yes, that's it, no more G-strings) of the balance sheet. Below is a not-so-short list of important items to know:

Assets

- Current Assets

• Cash
• Marketable securities or short-term investments
• Accounts Receivables
• Inventory

- Non-current Assets

• Fixed Assets (Property, Plant and Equipment (PP&E)
• Intangibles
• Long-term investments

Liabilities

- Current Liabilities

• Accounts payables
• Short-term borrowing (short-term debt)

- Non-current Liabilities

• Long-term borrowings (long-term debt)
• Other long-term liabilities (pension liabilities, deferred tax liabilities etc)

Shareholders' Equity

• Paid-in capital
• Retained earnings

See also Cash and Debt
and Why does the Balance Sheet balance?